文明（2018）
Civilisations
第一季
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文明（2018）
Civilisations S01E01
Part 1
2021年2月24日 16:14
I've always felt at home in the past.
我总能在过去找到归家的感觉
For after all, what is the present
毕竟 没有那连绵不断的过往记忆
except an endless chain of memories?
又何来今朝呢
Some of them are translated into stone.
有些记忆被镌刻在石头上
We are all the inheritors of those memories,
我们都是这些记忆的继承者
and we look after them as best we can.
并尽可能地看顾好这些遗产
All this so we can pass on their revelation to the future.
只有这样 我们才能将古人的启示传到未来
But every so often something comes along
但有些事总会时不时地发生
to shake them from our grip.
动摇着我们的继承权
In Mosul, in a matter of hours,
在摩苏尔 仅用几个小时
the forces of Isis destroyed the work of centuries.
伊♥斯♥兰♥国就毁掉了数百年来的杰作
And when they took the ancient trading city of Palmyra
而当他们夺下巴尔米拉这座古老的贸易之城
where the cultures of Greeks, Romans, Persians,
这座希腊人 罗马人 波斯人
Arabs and Jews have mixed and merged,
阿♥拉♥伯人以及犹太人的文化相互融合的城市
it was feared that exactly the same would happen.
人们担心同样的暴行也会在此上演
Here in Geneva,
在日内瓦
a few Palmyrene artefacts have been saved -
有几件巴尔米拉的工艺品被保存了下来
stolen before the violence began,
在暴♥力♥发生之前被盗了出来
arrested at customs as black marketeers tried to sell them.
黑市商人销赃时 在海关被查获
Like this bust of a priest.
比如这座牧师半身像
His eyes wide open, he seems not dead at all,
他的双眼圆瞪 看起来绝非已死之人
just translated to a life elsewhere.
只不过是转生到另一个世界罢了
These lovingly carved
这些为已故之人
likenesses of the dead looted from their tombs
精心雕刻的肖像于主人墓中遭劫
ended up in exile, but safe for posterity.
虽流离他乡 却能安然流传后世
Saving the art that remained in Palmyra, however,
然而 拯救巴尔米拉残存的古迹
could come at a terrible price.
可要付出难以想象的代价
Khaled al-Asaad, the chief curator of Palmyra,
伊♥斯♥兰♥国夺下巴尔米拉时
was 81 when Isis took the town.
博物馆馆长哈立德·阿萨德已经八十一岁了
And when their soldiers demanded he tell them
当伊♥斯♥兰♥国的士兵命令他供出
where the city's artworks had been hidden, he refused.
古城艺术品的隐藏地点时 他拒绝作答
They beheaded him in the Roman theatre,
他们在罗马剧场砍下了他的头
suspended his mutilated body from a traffic light,
将他的残肢挂在了信♥号♥♥灯上
placed his head between his feet...
将他的头夹在他的双脚之间
and attached a placard identifying him as director of idolatry.
还张贴了告示 称其为邪神崇拜的始作俑者
Or we might say, protector of what needs to be saved,
而在我们眼中 他是珍贵宝藏的守护者
cherished, passed on as the work of civilisation.
守住了瑰丽的文明 守住了传世的杰作
A lot of us spend our days talking about art.
我们许多人会花时间谈论艺术
I doubt very many of us
但我怀疑大多数人
are prepared to lay down our lives for it,
都没有为艺术献出生命的觉悟
but for Khaled al-Asaad,
但对哈立德·阿萨德来说
the stones and statues and columns of Palmyra
巴尔米拉的这些石头 雕像和石柱
were more than simply an ensemble of antiquity.
并不只是简单的古董集♥合♥
He didn't need a UNESCO certificate to tell him
他并不需要联♥合♥国♥教科文组织的证书来告诉他
that the significance of Palmyra
巴尔米拉的重要意义
was at once both local and universal.
并不局限于一地一区 而是属于全世界
It's there for believers and unbelievers,
它既属于信徒 也属于不信教的人
for East and West,
既属于东方 也属于西方
and somehow it had fallen to him
而鬼使神差般地
to be the guardian of that inheritance.
守护这份遗产的重任就落到了他的肩上
We can spend a lot of time debating
我们可以花上许久来争论
what civilisation is or isn't,
什么是文明 什么不是
but when it's opposite shows up in all its brutality and cruelty
但当文明的对立面将其全部的粗暴与残忍♥
and intolerance and lust for destruction,
狭隘与毁灭欲展现在我们眼前时
we know what civilisation is.
我们便知道了文明为何物
We know it from the shock
从文明即将丧失的震惊中
of its imminent loss as a mutilation
从人类整体被摧残的事实中
on the body of our humanity.
我们知道了文明的含义
The record of human history brims over with the rage to destroy.
人类的历史中满载着妄图毁灭的怒火
But it's also imprinted with the opposite instinct -
但也铭刻着截然相反的天性
to make things that go beyond the demands of food and shelter,
创造温饱需求之外的精神文明
things that make us see the world
以让我们以不同的眼光审视这世界
and our place in it in a different light.
审视我们与所栖身世界的关系
We are the art-making animal,
我们是创造艺术的生物
and this is what we have made.
而这就是我们所创造的文明
第一集
文明
西蒙·沙玛为您呈现
创世的第二个瞬间
When did it begin,
创世的第二个瞬间
that second moment of creation,
人类创造力的黎明
the dawning of human creativity?
是何时开始的呢
Where did it begin?
是从哪里开始的呢
It must have started in Africa
一定是从非洲开始的
where Homo sapiens first evolved about 200,000 years ago.
二十万年前 那里首先进化出了智人
On South Africa's Cape Coast,
在南非的南海岸角
archaeologists have found evidence of human habitation
考古学家找到了大约十万年前
stretching back around 100,000 years.
人类居住地的证据
In one of those caves, this was discovered.
在其中一个洞穴中发现了这个
77,000 years old,
七万七千年的历史
a piece of red ochre, a mineral naturally rich in iron,
一块红赭石 一种天然富含铁的矿物
etched in a diamond pattern.
蚀刻着菱形图案
The oldest deliberately decorative marks ever discovered.
这是迄今为止发现最早的装饰性图案
The pattern may have been a kind of language
这个图案可能是某种语言
or a kind of number scoring,
或是某种计数方法
but it's hard to see them as serving any functional need
但看不出是用作
connected with shelter or sustenance.
和吃住相关的功能性需求
They are a design,
这是一种设计
and design announces the beginning of culture.
这一设计宣告了文明的开始
Another 40,000 years pass and in northern Spain
又过了四万年 在西班牙的北部
within a hill so uncannily conical it seems man-made
在一座好似人造般的锥形山体里
that mineral, that red ochre, has become paint.
这种矿石 红赭石 被用作了涂料
Deep inside a cave,
在洞穴深处
rudimentary marks have bloomed and multiplied, red circles.
原始符号♥如红色的圆圈 成倍地蔓延开来
There are no brushes, no sticks to lay on this paint,
没有画笔和树枝可以蘸上这涂料
they are all applied orally
都是用嘴弄上去的
colour swilled in the mouth with saliva
将涂料与唾液在口中混合
and blown directly onto the rock.
然后直接喷到岩石上
And then these,
还有这些
an eruption of design not blown onto the surface, but painted.
这成片的绘画不是喷上去的 而是手绘而成
Contours, outlines, flowing streams of dots.
线条 轮廓 成串的圆点
There's a meaning here, but we don't know what it is.
肯定代表着什么 但我们并不知道
The signs of a biological compulsion to pattern,
这些迹象表明了对绘画的本能冲动
it's what we humans do,
这正是我们的天性
what we want to do,
我们想这么做
what we can't stop ourselves doing.
我们无法控制自己
And then you come across this.
然后再来看看这些
埃尔卡斯蒂略洞穴 公元前三万七千年
手板画
And in an instant, vast millennia of time just collapse
就在一瞬间 数千年的时间过去了
and you're in the midst of fellow humans.
你站在了人类同胞中间
Their hands doing what hands do,
他们用双手做事
signalling from a very long way off,
从很远的地方发出信♥号♥♥
37,000 years distant, in fact.
确切来说 是三万七千年前
But this long-distance greeting somehow makes us bond
但不知怎么这长距离的问候却把我们
with the makers of this because they establish a presence
和这些创作者紧紧相连 因为他们创造了
that is palpably alive.
一个鲜活的存在
Astonishingly,
令人吃惊的是
hand stencils like these have been found in caves
远在印度尼西亚和巴塔哥尼亚的洞穴里
as far apart as Indonesia and Patagonia.
也有这些手板画的存在
Wherever we went, it seems
似乎无论去往何地
the urge to signal a presence went with us.
想留下人类印记的强烈欲望都一直存在
And, undeniably, these hand stencils do
无可否认 这些手板画
what nearly all art that would follow would aspire to.
做到了几乎后来所有艺术所追求的
First, they want to be seen by others,
首先 它们渴望被他人发现
and then they want to endure beyond the life of the maker.
其次 它们想超脱创造者生命的限制
Like the earliest photographs,
就像最早的照片一样
the images here are faded, indistinct,
这些图像已变得模糊 难以辨别
but something tantalising is happening -
但有些诱人的事在悄然发生
the realisation that we can, however crudely, represent.
我们意识到我们可以呈现生活 尽管形式粗糙
In another cave further west in Asturias,
再往西的阿斯图里亚斯的另一个山洞里
20 minutes walk away from any daylight,
走二十分钟来到黑暗深处
are images that are anything but crude.
这里画着一些绝不粗糙的图案
文明（2018）
Civilisations
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